Comparing And Contrasting Two Sonnets - 1141 Words

Comparing and Contrasting Two Sonnets ‘Sonnet 116’ by William Shakespeare and ‘What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, And Where, And Why† by Edna St. Vincent Millay are both sonnets that discuss companionship and a glimpse of each poet’s experiences. In ‘Sonnet 116’, Shakespeare illustrates how capability is weakened by its metaphysical stereotype and ideals such as, love, while on the contrary, in ‘What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, And Where, And Why† Millay feeds on the chaos between the ideal of love and its harsh reality, heartbreak. Both poets seem to be love struck but there is a significant difference in the two. I will compare and contrast ‘Sonnet 116’ by William Shakespeare and ‘What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, And Where, And Why† by Edna St. Vincent Millay. I will also inquire and analyze why this particular form of poetry established different effects. â€Å"â€Å"What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, and Where and Why† and â€Å"Sonnet 116† are, in fact, two different sonnets. â€Å"What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, and Where and Why† is a Petrarchan or Italian sonnet; Due to the fact, that this sonnet has a rhyme scheme that divides the first eight lines from the last six lines. By dividing the poem, the rhyme scheme helps to emphasize the theme. The overall theme of the poem is loss, which occurred in the past. Since the rhyme scheme is divided into two parts; the first part uses the metaphor of lovers while the second part uses the metaphor of a tree. On the contrary,Show MoreRelatedSpenser and Shakespeare: Contrasting Approaches to Sonnets1100 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare: Contrasting Approaches to Sonnets For over many centuries, countless poets have chosen to interpret their thoughts, sentiments and concepts through sonnets as opposed to other varying forms of poetry. Invented in Europe and perfected by Petrarch around the XIV century, the sonnet is considered to be the longest lived form of poetry and has since influenced the works and minds of succeeding artists such as Edmund Spenser and William Shakespeare. Thus, by observing Spenser’s Sonnet LXXV andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 17 And Sonnet 551128 Words   |  5 Pages Two constant themes throughout this collection of sonnets is one’s eternal fate and preservation once that fate is reached.. Shakespeare battles with the idea of how to preserve not only the beauty of his subject, which in this case is the young man, but also his work without losing value and merit. Sonnet 17 and Sonnet 55 share the common idea that preservation is necessary and important, but each take different approaches to this preservation. From Sonnet 17 to Sonnet 55, Shakespeare grows confidentRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare ´s Sonnet 18 And Percy Shelleys Ozymandias994 Words   |  4 Pagesthe epicenter of many great works. Both William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 and Percy Shelley’s Ozymandias discuss love for one’s self. Although both poets utilize figurative language to describe how love can be represented, they do so in very different ways. Shakespeare employs nature to act as a symbol for the love of life. In contrast, Shelley impleme nts metaphor and allusion to demonstrate how love is finite. William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 is a love note to a young man. 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In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 18† and Spenser’s â€Å"Sonnet 75†, both poets speak of love in terms of feelings and actions by using different expressive views, allowing the similar topics to contain clear distinctions. Although Edmund Spenser’s â€Å"Sonnet 75† and William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 18† relate in the sense that love is genuine andRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est And The Charge Of The Light Brigade740 Words   |  3 PagesExperience of Battle In this essay, I will be analyzing the two different poems â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"The charge of the Light Brigade†. While reading and analyzing these poems I will be comparing and contrasting the difference between the two poems and also determining the poet’s literary devices to make the point of both authors. War is a sorted out exertion by a legislature or other vast association to stop or annihilation something that is seen as perilous or awful. It is for the mostRead MoreSonnet 116 And John Donne1059 Words   |  5 Pages William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 116† and John Donne’s â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning† similarly explore the theme of everlasting true love. However, both poems differ in rhyme scheme, techniques, and meaning. The poets use these tools to convey to the reader that everlasting true love does in fact exist. Although both speak so passionately about said love, only the speaker of Donne’s poem has actually experienced it. While both poems explicate eternal true love, their rhyme scheme differencesRead MoreComparing The And Nightingale And The Nightingale1500 Words   |  6 Pagesin Romantic poems. Such a miniscule part of the vastness of nature has captured the attention of many Romantic poets, yet their views on this plain singer can be contrasting. By comparing Charlotte Smith’s ‘To a Nightingale’ and Coleridge’s ‘The Nightingale, A Conversation Poem’, one can see both similarities and differences in how the two poets portray nature and the nightingale while incorporating their own emotions and wishes. The first thing one should note about poems is the form. Both ‘To aRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Poetry Of Sonnets1693 Words   |  7 PagesOf Shakespeare’s collection of sonnets, a vast majority have been commonly established to be both written about and voiced to a beautiful, aristocratic young man often labeled the ‘Fair Youth’ — a seemingly polar opposite to the almost unsavoury, lower-class ‘Dark Lady’ assessed as the featured object of desire within the last 25 sonnets. Although some scholars such as Nelles (2009) neglect the prospect of two separate, distinct and truly gendered narratives, this concept must be considered in referenceRead MoreComparing the Poets Use of Language To Present Their View of London in Composed Upon Westminster Bridge by Wordsworth and London by Blake1571 Words   |  7 PagesComparing the Poets Use of Language To Present Their View of London in Composed Upon Westminster Bridge by Wordsworth and Londo n by Blake London was, is and undoubtedly always will be, a city of enormous interest and controversy, especially for those employed in the field of writing. The two poems, Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, 1802, by William Wordsworth and London, 1794, by William Blake, demonstrate this through their opposing views. The intention of both William

Light and Dark in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness, was written to explore the soul of man. If the book is viewed only superficially, a tragic story of the African jungle is seen, but when examined closely, a deeper meaning arises. Through his narrator Marlow, Conrad uses the theme of light and dark to contrast the civilized with the savage. Through the individual characters, Conrad creates the division between dark and light and black and white created by colonialism. Marlow and Kurtz can be as two halves of one soul. Throughout the tale, Marlow is disgusted with what he sees during his employment with the ivory company. He is shocked and angered at the horrible treatment of the†¦show more content†¦Marlow also witnesses black workers in chain-gangs throughout his journey up the river, along with a black man shot dead in the middle of the road and the beating of another black man accused of setting a fire in the supplies shed. Later, the manager orders the willful starvation of the cannibals of the crew. The meat the cannibals brought with them rotted and, although they were paid enough to buy food, the manager refused to stop along the way up the river for the cannibals to buy anything to eat. Finally, once they reach Kurtz, the manager sends men toward the compound heavily armed. He is solely concerned with t he safe confiscation of the ivory and not at all with Kurtz life. Subsequently, the manager goes to great lengths to guard the ivory while Kurtz is not: a makeshift curtain is all that separates Kurtz from the rest of the crew. Though all of these acts, the character of the manager displays the absolute darkness of the ivory company. Further atrocities committed by colonizing companies are shown through the Eldorado Exploring Expedition, based on an actual expedition - the Katanga Expedition of 1890. The expedition exposes more materialistic stupidity of such missions and also represents the reckless pirating colonizers, greedy without audacity, and cruel without courage (Conrad, 27). Just as in theShow MoreRelated lighthod Light and Dark in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness2308 Words   |  10 PagesLight and Dark in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚     Joseph Conrads repeated use of darkness in his novel Heart of Darkness has been widely interpreted. Readers have arrived at many different conclusions about the use of darkness throughout the novel. The critics themselves cannot agree what the darkness means.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The critics draw different conclusions about the use of darkness. For some critics, the use of darkness is seen as an intentional literary device. For example, Gary Adelman and MichaelRead More The Light and Dark Forces in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1667 Words   |  7 PagesThe Light and Dark Forces in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, explores something truer and more fundamental than a mere personal narrative. It is a night journey into the unconscious and a confrontation within the self. Certain circumstances of Marlows voyage, when looked at in these terms, have new importance. Marlow insists on the dreamlike quality of his narrative. It seems to me I am trying to tell you a dream - making a vain attempt, because no relation ofRead More Light and Dark in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay example844 Words   |  4 PagesLight and Dark in Heart of Darkness  Ã‚      Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is a tragic tale of the white mans journey into the African jungle. When we peel away the layers, however, a different journey is revealed - we venture into the soul of man, complete with the darkness of depravity as well as the wonderful. In this essence Conrad uses this theme of light and darkness to contrast the civilized European world with the savage African world in Heart of Darkness. As aforementioned,Read More Light and Dark Imagery in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay594 Words   |  3 PagesLight and Dark Imagery in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a novel about a man named Marlow and his journey into the depths of the African Congo. Marlow is in search of a man named Kurtz, an ivory trader. Though Marlow?s physical journey seems rather simple, it takes him further into his own heart and soul than into the Congo. The setting, symbols and characters each contain light and dark images, these images shape the central theme of the novelRead More Use of Light and Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness 1504 Words   |  7 PagesUse of Light and Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness  Ã‚      Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness contrasts light and darkness, to represent the civilized and uncivilized sides of the world. Conrad uses light to represent the civilized side of humanity while contrasting the dark with the uncivilized and savage. Throughout the thematic stages of the novel, that is the Thames river London, the companys office in Belgium, the journey to the heart of darkness and the conclusion, light and darkRead More Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesLight and Dark in Heart of Darkness       The brightest of lights can obscure vision while darkness can contain truths: one must not be distracted by the sheen of light, which conceals the deeper reality present in darkness. Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness illustrates this idea with the use of several symbols. White Europeans are used as symbols of self-deception, and objects with an alabaster quality are symbols of barriers to inner truth. Black is the foil of white; it representsRead MoreEssay on Feminist Theory in Heart of Darkness1199 Words   |  5 PagesMonsters in Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad’s varying depiction of women in his novel Heart of Darkness provides feminist literary theory with ample opportunity to explore the overlying societal dictation of women’s gender roles and expectations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The majority of feminist theorists claim that Conrad perpetuates patriarchal ideology, yet there are a few that argue the novel is gendered feminine. Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar claim â€Å"Conrad’s Heart of Darkness†¦penetratesRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1164 Words   |  5 PagesAs Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness eludes to the inverse interpretation of colors as a motif, Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now not only mimics but also portrays through the Vietnam War, the contrasting misguided crusades of enlightenment that the supreme race forces upon savages. The reversed meanings amongst the colors and entangled description in Heart of Darkness shows how backwards civilization is through the need to enlighten or civilize the natives is flamboyantly flaunted in both theRead More Light and Dark of Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe Light and Dark of Colonialism Exposed in Heart of Darkness       In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad, challenges a dominant view by exposing the evil nature and the darkness associated with the colonialist ventures. It is expressed by Marlow as robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind - as it is very proper for those who tackle a darkness. The European colonialists are portrayed as blind lightbearers, people having a faà §ade of progress and cultureRead More The Role of Kurtz’s Intended in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness1580 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Kurtz’s Intended in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Very often in literature minor characters appear for only a short time in the story but carry a very heavy significance in the overall meaning of the book. Kurtz’s Intended, in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, is this kind of character. The unnamed woman only appears for a brief period at the end of the novel, but Conrad includes her for three very crucial reasons. He has Kurtz’s fiancà ©e appear to provide a justification for

20th century writers dealt with many issues and themes throughout their writing Essay Example For Students

20th century writers dealt with many issues and themes throughout their writing Essay 20th century writers dealt with many issues and themes throughout their writing. The authors that I have chosen to look at are Updike, Beatti, Rothke and Plath. These authors and their works will each be evaluated by how they deal with the subjects love, death, loss and passing of time. The short story Separating by John Updike deals with the subject of love and I also believe it deals with the themes quest for identity and alienation and nausea . The story talks about how two parents are going through the process of telling their children that they are going to separate. This is important to them because they do love their children very much; they want to make the timing perfect so it is easier on the children. The father and mother seemed as though they needed to find out who they really were without their children. They did all things for the kids. They said that they loved one another but yet they didnt make each other happy. I think that they just werent sure what made them happy. Weekend a short story by Ann Beattie deals with the subject of loss of time and the same theme that Updikes story dealt with quest for identity .I chose the subject of time because at first they loved one another and had a good relationship and then time passed and they ended up in such a weird place in their relationship. George had control over Lenore in the way that she never knows that she can leave him and be okay. She stays with him because she does care for him but also because she has a place to put her children and herself to sleep. Wish for a Young Wife a poem by Theodore Rothke is one that goes into the subject of loss or the idea of loss. This is a man who is telling his wife that he hopes that even while he grows old he wishes that she were beautiful and young for eternity. H e wishes her to never endure grief or hate; these are the very things that make one old. He could be very much in love with his wife and by wishing this for her, so she never looses her beauty. Or, he could be wishing these things for his benefit so he never looses his beautiful young wife. Sylvia Plaths poem Lady Lazarus deals mainly with the subject of death. Im not sure completely but this could be humor in the horror , I know it is not a nightmare world but, pick the worms off of me like sticky pearls is some sort of gross humor. She discusses her 3 suicide attempts, comparing herself to a cat with 9 lives. She also includes a comparison of herself to a concentration camp victim. She states dying is an art à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I do  it exceptionally well. Doctors are her enemy and she warns them to beware. Overall in most literature you can see a little of death, love, loss and a loss of time. These subject matters are used so frequently because those things are life. They are the things people feel strongly about. People relate and understand these topics.

Comparative Analysis of Two Novels-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss Dreams and Disillusionment in your two Novels. Consider and Compare how the two Novels Explore the Characters Dreams and their Understanding of How Happiness can be attained in Life. Answer: Dreams and disillusionment has been portrayed in two different ways by Kazuo Ishiguro in the book -Never let me go and Sandra Cisneros in the book- The House on Mango Street. Sandra described dreams in a positive way and Kazuo described dreams as something which is buried deep into the heart. Dreams are the beautiful feeling within oneself that turns to be the future for those who believes them. Cisneros in the book The house on Mango Street beautifully portrays a girl who quietly and evidently believes in dreams. Esperanza the lead character of the book who internalizes her parents dream of having a white house they had once lived and makes that dream her own. In the first chapter she is seen saying, This was the house Papa talked about....and this was the house Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed. (Taken from Chapter- 1; the house on Mango Street) (Cisneros 2013). This line clearly states how eagerly had she accepted her parents dreams. As the story moves forward she as a girl goes through sever changes and tries to figure out who actually is she. She was immature when she called the people coming to the mango street stupid because she was unable to know what exactly the feeling they behold among themselves. Later on she also indulged in the dreams of her parents and starts liking the Mango Street (Sultana 2015). Whereas, in the book never let me go, dream is something that is not for everyone, this fact is gracefully portrayed through a girl Kathy, who was restricted for being a dreamer because she was born to be a carer and was created for donating her vital organs. This is justified by the author when a character of the book Miss Lucy is found saying to Kathy and her friend, None of you will go to America....as I heard some planning today, your lives are set out for you. (Taken from Chapter 7; Never let me go) (Wong, Cynthia and Hulya 2016). This line also states the kind gesture of Miss Lucy who tells the truth to them so that they do not continue dreaming. Kathy in this story was a clone. Clones are unaccompanied in the world; they do not have any past or any future (Rizq 2014). Disillusionment is often the feeling of dissatisfaction which is due to realization that something is not the way it was meant to be. As portrayed by Cisneros in the house on Mango Street, disillusionment comes when Esperanzas parents dreams of owning a big house and Esperanza becomes disheartened because she thinks that this dream will never be true. She is so much disheartened that she denies the fact that Mango Street is her home and pledges to have a house of her own. The disillusioned behaviour of her makes her inconsistent and embarrassed. This sentence is clearly justified when the author makes Esperanza say, I am tired of looking at what we cant have. When we win the lottery....Mama begins and I stop listening.(Taken from Chapter -34;The house on Mango Street) (Cisneros 2013). Esperanza is disillusioned because she believes that things will never change (Careri 2013). In the book never let me go, Ishiguro reflects his characters unacceptable attitude and ignorance for their fates, the characters of this book are seen to be very much disillusioned about their fates and lives because they never dreamed of having life as a Carer. The story contains horrified content of Kathys existence being undefined. The book clearly reflects that Kathy and her friends were born a clone and donating organs were their fate. They cannot refuse to that or question their existence and this is what that makes them more dissatisfied that life was not the way that was worth living. This line is justified when the author in Kathys perspective says; I may think of a completely new approach I could have taken....Its at that sort of level- daydream stuff.(Taken from Chapter -10; Never let me go) (Wong, Cynthia and Hulya 2016). Kathy has already realized that life will be the same way it is but she is fond of daydreaming and thinking that the possibilities of a change are stil l same. Even after being dissatisfied she continues to day dream as that gave her immense pleasure (Abrams 2016). It can be concluded that dreams and disillusionment are both connected parts of life. The both authors provide different perspectives by portraying the character in different ways in different situations. The result of failure after dreaming anything turns out to be the disillusionment. The both characters are seen to be disillusioned after their life made them stand before reality. Disillusion made the characters free from thoughts and beliefs that was not worthy of their life. References: Abrams, Robert C. "Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go: a model of completionfor the end of life."Medical humanities42, no. 1 (2016): 42-45. Careri, Elisabetta. "Home, Streets, Nature: Esperanzas Itineraries in Sandra Cisneros The House on Mango Street." InLandscapes of Writing in Chicano Literature, pp. 13-22. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. Cisneros, Sandra.The house on mango street. Vintage, 2013. Rizq, Rosemary. "Copying, Cloning and Creativity: Reading Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go."British Journal of Psychotherapy30, no. 4 (2014): 517-532. Sultana, Rajia. "The House on Mango Street: Searching for Identity."East West Journal of Humanities2074 (2015): 33. Wong, Cynthia F., and Y. Hlya.Kazuo Ishiguro in a Global Context. Routledge, 2016.

TRAVELCOMFORT BUSINESS PLAN

Executive Summary TravelComfort UK, Incorporated is a start-up travel agency that specializes in small and escorted luxury touring packages for its selective clients.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Travelcomfort business plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The agency is strategically located in Hill Gate Notting, London- to better serve its customers across the UK. This location has of late experienced rapid growth in the number of discriminating or selective luxury tour clients. TravelComfort is a partnership between 4 experienced travel scholars named as Josh Foster, Rochelle Night, Mike Manning and Joshua Awozele. The first 2, other than sitting on the board are also the company’s Chief Executive and Operations Manager respectively. The last 2 do not have additional managerial roles. The first 2 have had extensive training in travel business, especially in sales and marketing to oversee the operation s of this new venture. Their knowledge will thus be useful in this starting period. Other than the 2 managerial staff, and the additional 2 board members, the company intends to use an independent sales force of 6 individuals to keep its overhead expenses low hence increasing its sales returns. The owners feel that this will be the surest way of maintaining profitability and its subsequent expansion in this highly competitive travel service industry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the company will make use of the 4 marketing mix to market itself to its customers as well as establishing best relationships with agent travel firms. More so, to ensure that it achieves its profitability and expansion outcomes, the management intends to source for a long-term loan of UK pounds 60,000 from Standard Chartered Bank to finance its required start-up capital of approximate ly  £120,000. The company is characterized by a strong commitment to customer value, service and specialized luxury tour needs; characteristics that set it apart from other UK travel agencies thus constituting its best attractions and unique selling points. Market Research of the UK travel industry A research article by Tassiopoulos highlighted that though there had been a major trend towards responsible and ethical consumptions across UK’s consumer markets, the demand for services in the UK travel industry had risen to match those in other sectors, with tourism given as an example.1 This increase has also coincided with increases in consumer expectations across the country. To expound on this, this plan went ahead to stress that in each holiday, a significant and a growing number of travellers in the UK were looking for better and high quality products. As such, the experiences provided by tour and travel firms should be able to enable the traveller’s access ‘ real’ living cultures within or without their nations. Nonetheless, previous researches highlighted that though UK travellers had accustomed themselves to taking shorter trips in most cases, at the same time, they expected to derive more value from such short trips.2Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Travelcomfort business plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A scholarly study by Pfister and Tierney summarized the above notions by arguing that nowadays, holidays spender’s across the UK preferred ‘real’ holidays that were characterized with a lot of authenticity.3 These expectations contradicted the scenarios dating 10 years back in this same country. Supporting the above frameworks, Page and Connell combined their findings to assert that in the UK, there has emerged a growing interest in the pursuit of more adventurous forms of travel agencies.4 For instance, the demand for the market h as of lately shifted to those agencies that offer specialized travel and tour services such as land based expeditions of the nature of the Graham Land as well as skiing activities. On the other hand, drawing inferences from the Independent on Sundays, the authors of this plan established that the recent economic recession has been a blessing to the UK tour travel industry. This is for the reason that the ever increasing economic recession has increased costs of overseas holidays by a high of 10%- 7% more than domestic holidays.5 This in return has meant that more Britons have preferred to spend their holidays in their country as a budgetary precaution. TravelComfort will strategically position itself to maximise on this great opportunity. To add, Hogson went ahead to review statistics that also revealed that the travel and tourism industries across the UK had for years pursued profits within flexible, unrestricted and fast-moving environments.6 This, according to Robinson had led to most travel agencies failing to establish monitoring systems and formal objectives. They instead chose to seize each opportunity as it came their way without considering its long term effect.7Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To address this, TravelComfort has established and stated its mission statements. This will in turn assist it to achieve its outcomes since the mission statements will be used as statements of guidance and reference. Specific Target Market The stiff competition in the UK tour and travel industry has created the impetus to clearly understand the specific and the ever changing needs of the differentiated customer groups.8 TravelComfort has studied the market and identified UK citizens especially the retired or working couples who would like to go for adventure as constituting its key target market. Other than those, the company will emphasis on corporate travellers (business conference travellers) and any other travellers from any part of the world. Unique Selling Points These were comprised by the following brief features, concepts and benefits that our clients were happy to associate with our branding. In line with the above, TravelComfort has positioned itself to cater for speciali zed clientele group in the UK. As such, the company will offer small-group, budgetary and luxury modes of adventure travel. These will mainly target UK clients with a small global market presence also targeted in the plan. TravelComfort seeks to have a competitive advantage over its rivals by small but more exclusive packaged tours. These will enable our few clients to receive immediate personal or special attention from our travel hosts. As we expand, we intend to cultivate this niche of one-on-one contact to catch and retain on all our potential clients. The company will also provide accurate, first-hand and instant information concerning all its services to its customers. This can be achieved through mass-messaging or emailing service to registered clients. Market size/growth trends According to the statistics by the UK Office for National Statistics, the financial year ending February 2011 saw a total of 84.6 million travellers visit or depart from UK (visitors to UK were 29.6 m illion while visits abroad by the region’s citizens was 55.0 million).9 This number of travellers a combined drop of 6% compared to the previous year. The reason cited for the drop in the number of visitors was the bad weather. Table 1 showing the number of visitors entering or leaving the UK (Souce: UK Office for National Statistics, 2011). Despite the reduction in the number of travellers, the projected market growth for the UK travel industry stands at 10%. Of the total market size, TravelComfort aims to garner at least 5% of the market by the end of second year of operation. Competitive Environment At present, competition has been intense in the retail travel agency industry in Europe.10 As such TravelComfort will face stiff competition from both external and internal travel agencies. In the case of internal competitors, the company will compete with Thomson Travel Group-UK’s largest tour operator and Going Places-UK’s second largest travel agency.11 Other than the two, internal competitors will also include online travel agencies such as eDreams, Ebookers, Expedia, Iglue, LastMinute and Key2Holidays amongst others. External competitors will comprise of CN Travel Touristic Group- Germany’s largest travel agency and TravelPlanners from USA amongst others. Of late, the UK travel industry has been characterised by constant fluctuations both in service quality and sum of service providers.12 We intend to capitalize on this and broaden our market share. The competitive edge of our company will see us attract and retain customers through provision of up-to-date and accurate information. The company will also offer competitive discounted prices to win on repetitive customers. More so, the company will make use of IT and avail online tickets to its clients. To achieve on the above, the company will rely on the efforts of its experienced founders and personnel. These have great experience in luxury retailing, offering travel, achieving high-net-worth and offering and providing personalized services. Company Description TravelComfort is a full-service travel agency offering full-line travel planning for all its customers. The agency links all business, recreational and adventure travellers with travelling and accommodation firms. As was earlier highlighted, this agency is a partnership between Josh Foster, Rochelle Night, Mike Manning, and Joshua Awozele-who cofounded the agency in January of 2012. The company is located at Office Complex, Nottingham Hill Gate- London. The objectives of the company are as follows: To achieve a profitable status within the first year To garner a 5% market share within the first 2 years To increase its workforce to 20 by the second year (January 2012) and appoint a full-time Business Manager to enhance sales operations Expand the company’s corporate sales by  £ 85,000 each month. This is to happen by the 6 month of the agency’s operation. Services provided The compa ny will provide primary travel services that include, but unlimited to, hotel arrangements, bus and airline ticketing, car rental arrangements, conference planning, charter and tour services, student or employee-tour services and vacation packages. If these services are sold online, the agency will attain a sales margin of 10%. However, this is expected to rise to 15% if they are sold through agents. Marketing Plans/Strategies The company will make use of the four aspects of marketing mix to sell its services to its customers. These are: Pricing strategies The company will offer competitive rates to make its services affordable to all classes of people. In addition, the company will offer a 10% discount to the second ticket purchased by the same consumer. This will attract repetitive consumers to the agency thus increasing its market share. Promotion/Advertising strategies These will focus on the following: Buying ‘space’ in the UK daily newspapers for promotional adve rts on the agency’s services Creating a website where clients will be able search and review their services. The site will then allow them to make online reservations. This site will also be hyper-linked to social networking sites and other travel sites Distributing brochures or posters to strategic places to sell company services Product/ Service strategies The company has already achieved this strategy by incorporating a variety of services within service line. Distribution strategies The company intends to distribute some of its operations for instance, by using agents to market its services. Operational plans TravelComfort will ‘purchase’ its services from the above listed service companies using the following procedure: The company’s Operation’s Manager (Mr Night) will be tasked with negotiating with service industries on the awarding of service agency contacts. In this case, the agency will target to be awarded a commission of 10% on each tic ket (in this case service) sold. The company will then strive to sell more to improve on its profitability. The company intends to sell its services by using its other six sales-representative employees. These employees will improve service efforts by delivering tickets and making telephone follow-ups on their return. These will garner repeat sales and businesses. Besides their coordination, the 2 partners will perform initial sales management until the hiring of the Business Development Manager. Sales forecast The company targets to have sold services worth  £2,516,430 by end of 2012 and  £4, 50,100 by end of 2013 and 8,000,000 in the third year of 2014. This plan is based on the service arrangements to be increased between the agency and its partners. The following table 2 summarises the sales, gross and net profit’s highlights. The values are all in ‘0000 TravelComforts Projected Highlights Sales G/P margin Net Profit Margin Yr 1  £250  £80  £15 Y ear2  £450  £125  £45 Yr 3  £800  £225  £12 To achieve the forecasted sales above, the following sales programs are to be implemented: Issuing sales awards to those sales representatives who will be the top four in terms of highest grossing sales Issuing awards to employees who excel in delivering exemplary tour services to Travel comfort clients. This will create a scenario of retaining and attracting clients hence increasing the sales. The firm intends to implement e-commerce by allowing on-site ticket sales and registration through its Computerised Reservation System. This will ease the process of acquiring or accessing the firm’s services hence increasing the number of discriminative clients. Related to the above, the management intends to position customer care agents in its London office to carry out the role of selling tickets through the phone mode. The firm’s marketing and ticketing services are also to be re-distributed across key attraction points (a scenario commonly called sales retailing) across London to win on the potential passers-by who can top up as its customers. For instance, off-site sales are to be carried out at hired sites. For instance, the management plans to engage stadium managers across the UK to catch on the increased spectator audience. This is so because the management carried an earlier research that proved that spectators in the VIP ticketing category were likely to form a special group for the specialized tour services across London. Break-even analysis The levels of sales need to service all personal requirements and costs will be calculated as follows: Sales (required to break even) =  £ (Business Survival Budget/Drawings + Overheads/Operating Expenses) Sales=  £300,000 +  £400,000=  £700,000 TravelComfort’s Monthly Break-even points Figure1 depicting the break-even analysis From the above figure, it is projected the company will break even half-way through the third month. At this time, the company will have required to have sold an estimated â‚ ¬ 700,000 meet its personal requirements (drawings) and all its costs comfortably. Key Personnel Mr. Josh Foster- Company’s Chief Executive Mr. Foster is one of the co-founders of the agency. Having graduated with a distinction in Business Management, Sales and Marketing, he will spearhead the company’s growth. His strength to multi-task across dynamic environments will see him represent the agency at key stakeholder conferences. He will also spearhead the agency’s expansion module. Mr. Rochelle Night-Operations Manager Mr. Night will coordinate all agency operations. His leadership skills will ensure that a link exists between the sales representatives and the customers. He intends to maximise on his supervisory role at Easyjet Travel Agency to implement his new duties. Other than the two above, the following also topped up as Travel Comfort’s board members: Critical risks of the venture The following risks were identified as potential risks associated with this venture. Emerging travel agency businesses that were likely to cause stiff competition. The financial crisis that was likely to cause shifts in consumer demands (consumers were likely to reduce on their leisure expenditures). The company was likely to lose contact with some of foreign customers. Contingency planning The following measures will be implemented to safeguard the performance of the venture if sales reduce by more than 5% as projected. The management will carry out reviews to determine if the forecasts were realistic. If they were not, new estimates will be forecasted based on the sales statistics at hand. In this case, the last trading period’s actual results will be projected for achievable targets to be determined. If the forecasts were real, the management will review its budget to obtain a realistic one. In this case, the management will determine the expenses to be r educed and the margins to e improved. In this case the pro-forma revenues will be decreased by a realistic percentage based on the conditions facing the company. Having implemented the above, the company will carry out the following actions to improve on its performance: Carry out an aggressive promotion to increase its service awareness. Establish reward schemes for its sales team to motivate them in reaching more consumers. For instance, by rewarding employees who surpass a weekly target of  £ 20,000 with a 15% commission Likewise, the company willl try to re-negotiate its contracts with its partners. In this case, the management will point out the difficulties facing the travel agency and request a re-view of the engagements on mutual basis. Offering/ Funding The following table summarized the company’s start-up summary Item(s) Description Total amount Expenses Office supplies, rent, consultant’s fees, utilities, insurance, internet charges, website creation charges, communication bill etc  £80,000 Assets Furniture, cash, computers etc  £ 120,000 Owners’ Contributions Primarily cash  £ 150,000 Loans/ Borrowing From Standard Chartered Bank  £ 200,000 Total start-up funding  £ 550,000 Financial Plan Profit Loss Account The following is the profit and Loss account (projected for the first three years). Note: All figures are in  £. Year1 Year 2 Year 3 Sales (Direct and Indirect) 2,516,430 4,110, 345 5, 815,100 Less cost of sales 1, 910, 000 3, 515, 650 4, 910, 000 Gross profit 606,430 594,695 905, 100 Less Expenses 450,130 480,520 520,000 Pre-tax net income 156, 300 114,175 385, 100 Taxes Paid 18,900 11, 600 41, 200 Net income 137,400 102,575 343,900 Pro-forma Balance Sheet The following balance sheet has also been projected for the first three years. Balance Sheet (projected for the 1st three years) Note: All figures are in  £. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total Current Assets 450,000 4 20, 500 455, 100 Total Long-term Assets 150,000 214,000 139, 900 Total Assets 600,000 634,100 595,000 Current liabilities 250,000 242, 100 245,000 Long-term liabilities 200,000 112,000 0 Total Liabilities 450,000 354, 100 245,000 Total Capital 150,000 280,000 350,000 Total Capital and Liabilities 600,000 634,100 595,000 Reference List Doganis, R, Flying off course: the economics of international airlines, 3rd edition, Routledge, Newyork, 2002. Hogson, A, The travel and tourism industry: strategies for the future, CABI Publisher, Oxford, 1987. Horne, S J, Swarbrooke, Leisure marketing: a global perspective, Butterworth-Heinemann, UK, 2005. Independent on Sundays, Recession ‘is good news for UK travel industry’, 2008. Web. Needham, A, Business for higher awards, Heinemann, UK, 1999. Evans, N, Strategic management for travel and tourism, Butterworth-Heinemann, UK. Page, S Connell, J, Tourism: A modern synthesis, 2nd edn., PublisherCengage Learning EMEA, Stamford, 2006. Pfister, R Tierney, P, Recreation, event, and tourism businesses: start-up and sustainable operations, Human Kinetics, Leeds, UK, 2008. Plunkett, J W, Plunkett’s airline, hotel travel industry Almanac 2007: Airline, hotel travel industry market research, statistics, trends leading companies, Plunkett Research, Ltd., Texas, 2006. Robinson, P, Operations Management in the Travel Industry, CABI, Oxford, 2009. Tassiopoulos, D, New tourism ventures: an entrepreneurial and managerial approach, Juta and Company Ltd, Cape Town, South Africa, 2009. UK Office for National Statistics, Travel and tourism: Overseas visits still subdued, 2011, retrieved https://www.ons.gov.uk/. Footnotes 1 D Tassiopoulos, New tourism ventures: an entrepreneurial and managerial approach, Juta and Company Ltd, Cape Town, South Africa, 2009, p.309. 2 J W Plunkett, Plunkett’s airline, hotel travel industry Almanac 2007: Airline, hotel travel industry market research, statistics, tr ends leading companies, Plunkett Research, Ltd., Texas, 2006, p.62. 3 R Pfister, P Tierney, Recreation, event, and tourism businesses: start-up and sustainable operations, Human Kinetics, Leeds, UK, 2008. 4 S Page J Connell, Tourism: A modern synthesis, 2nd edn., Cengage Learning EMEA, Stamford, 2006, p.81. 5 Independent on Sundays, Recession ‘is good news for UK travel industry’, 2008. 6 A Hogson, The travel and tourism industry: strategies for the future, CABI Publisher, Oxford, 1987. 7 P Robinson, Operations management in the travel Industry, CABI, Oxford, 2009, p. 254. 8 A Needham, Business for higher awards, Heinemann, UK, 1999, p.19. 9 UK Office for National Statistics, Travel and tourism: Overseas visits still subdued, 2011. 10 S, Horne J, Swarbrooke, Leisure marketing: a global perspective, Butterworth-Heinemann, UK, 2005, p. 233. 11 R Doganis, Flying off course: the economics of international airlines, 3rd edition, Routledge, Newyork, 2002, p.159. 12 N Evan s, Strategic management for travel and tourism, Butterworth-Heinemann, UK, pp. 172-177. 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A history of Science Fiction

A history of Science Fiction What made science fiction so popular throughout history? It was, unlike most literature, concerned with reality because unlike most literature it talked about new technologies and ideas for new technologies. Science fiction literature mentioned everything from genetic engineering to nuclear physics to cosmology. The radio, television, and newspapers did not focus much attention on science at all. The early science fiction writings surely inspired some of the greatest scientists of the late twentieth century.Two things that the author can remember about the day that he read his very first science fiction magazine. It was the cold winter of nineteen thirty to nineteen thirty-two. The author was shoveling snow and made a little extra money and wanted something to spend it on. He had came in contact with a science fiction novel earlier and was very interested in it and wanted to get more because he could not get a sufficient amount of the stories that his brain screamed for.The Best Scie nce Fiction Stories and Novels: 1956He enjoyed reading about such things as Martians, time machines, and cities of the future where everybody had a job and plenty to eat and everyone was always content.Science fiction helped make the great depression more great than depressing. The science fiction literature helped him escape the troubles of his day. He could flip open the pages of a pulp science fiction magazine and leave all the problems of his daily life behind. He could abscond from his hometown Brooklyn and travel to such lands as Mars or the land of the dinosaurs.Nowadays, science fiction is apart of everyone's life. A big reason is that it is not fiction any more. A large amount of the ideas of early science fiction writings are now reality. Along with that, there were not many science fiction novels being produced. Except...

Critically discuss this statement with reference to decided cases and Essay

Critically discuss this statement with reference to decided cases and academic opinion - Essay Example Such liability is not directly applicable, as the liability of Community institutions and the liability of the Member States are not always comparable.4 An instance of this is to be found in the Brasserie decision. In Brasserie, the ECJ extended the right of individuals to claim such damages, from any organ of the Member State whose act or omission had resulted in the damage.5 This makes it reasonable to presume that the liability case law, with regard to Member States, is relevant to damages claims for breach of EC law public procurement rules.6 Such course of action is with regard to contracting authorities that are public bodies. However, the term State tends to be vague, even within the realm of Member State liability. There is considerable disagreement as to whether the definition of State aid, provided in the ruling in Foster,7 as being emergent from the State should be acknowledged. All the same, the case law makes it very clear that the term State, in the context of liability cases, has a wider connotation and includes in its ambit, the decentralized bodies and authorities. 8 Hence, there is substantial common ground between a contracting authority and State entity under liability, despite these concepts being incongruent to each other. This contention is restricted to the intersection, wherein the contracting authority is in reality a State body. The public procurement law requires an action for liability to be brought against the contracting authority. However, it is up to the internal system of the national law to identify the State instance against which the action for liability is to be made. 9 This discretion accorded to the national law, while identifying State liability issues, results in grave injustice to the individual. This is because an aggrieved person has the right of direct effect only against a State and its emanations. Moreover, in this case, the ECJ ruled that the liability arising from the damage undergone by individuals, on account of a breach of Community law, was analogous to the liability of the Community under similar circumstances. This holds good, as long as there is no specific justification for the breach of the Community law. 10 This principle was echoed in the decision in Bergaderm.11 Furthermore, in the Brasserie case, 12 the conditions resulting in the liability of a Member State were described. These are; first infringement of rules of the Community that are aimed at providing individual rights; second, the existence of a breach of sufficient gravity; and third, a causal relationship between the breach and the damage sustained.13 This ruling however, failed to address all the issues involved. For instance, the issue of seriousness of the breach of Community law was left unresolved. Moreover, the ECJ had differentiated between areas of sparse and wide discretion, during its attempt to determine whether there were grounds for State liability, as well as the precise nature of these conditions. 14 Mor eover, the breach of Community law by a Member State, which caused damage to an individual, placed that Member State under an obligation to make good the loss. This principle was enunciated in the Francovich decision by the ECJ. 15 In addition, in the Francovich case, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruled that the

Mutual Funds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mutual Funds - Essay Example similarly we can outline the concept of bonds. Bonds gives people chance to lend our money to the government or a company. We receive interest and principle back over pre-determined amount of time. We can say that bonds are the most common lending investments traded on the market. Other than shares and bonds there are other types of investments like real estate and precious metals but it is generally perceived that mutual funds mostly invest in stocks and bonds. Many definitions have written by people but essentially all dwell upon the same idea regarding its concept. So a mutual fund can be defined as a financial intermediary that allows a certain group of investors to pool their money together with a pre-determined investment objective. Here in mutual fund there exists a fund manager who trades the fund's underlying securities. He then can realize capital gains or loss and then collects the dividend. Whenever we invest in a mutual fund, we are buying shares of the mutual fund and thus in the process becoming a shareholder of the fund. After the dividend income is found, the investment proceeds are then passed to the individual investors. We then calculate the value of the share of the mutual fund which is known as net asset value. ... ies we can say that it is one of three types of investment companies in the United States and outside United States & Canada mutual fund can termed as generic word for various types of collective investments. Types of Mutual Funds There exist few common types of mutual funds and they are outlined as follows: Money Market funds, fixed income funds, equity funds or growth funds, balanced funds, global funds, specialty funds and index funds. Lets describe each of them briefly so as the understand the whole concept clearly. Monet Market Funds: These are generally perceived as low risk funds offering low returns. These are a type of mutual funds that invest in a short term debt securities of agencies like banks U.S Treasury bills. They have advantages of being widely used, low risk and highly liquid in nature. Fixed income funds It is a type of mutual funds which invest in debt securities like bonds and mortgages. The main goal is to provide the investors with regular income with low risk. Here in this type fund values fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates Equity Funds Equity funds are also called as growth funds. It invests primarily in common shares. The goal is to have long term growth because the value of the assets held usually increase over time. Some funds focus on blue chip companies and others on smaller companies. Balanced Funds It invests in a balanced portfolio of equities, debt securities with the goal of providing reasonable returns with low to moderate risk Global and foreign funds It is a type of mutual fund which may be fixed income or growth or balanced funds and which invest in foreign securities. Specialty funds It is a type of mutual fund which invests primarily in a specific geographic location or a specific

Content analysis of the #handsupdontshoot on Instagram Essay

Content analysis of the #handsupdontshoot on Instagram - Essay Example investigation of these research questions, this research uses cultivation theory to conduct a content analysis of #handsupdontshoot as it appears on Instagram and compares it intended message with the perceptions of Instagram users. Therefore four interviews are conducted. The results of the study reveal that African Americans and White Americans generally have different experiences with exposure to the criminal justice system and as such generally have different perspectives on the utility of #handsupdontshoot on Instagram. This research study uses cultivation theory in conducting a quantitative content analysis of #handsupdontshoot as portrayed on Instagram. The purpose of this research is to identify the messages conveyed by images posted to Instagram using #handsupdontshoot and how those images are received and interpreted by Instagram users. #handsupdontshoot began making its rounds on social media in the wake of the police fatal shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri on August 9th, 2014. Eyewitness reports claimed that after struggling for a gun with White police officer Darren Wilson, Brown threw his hands up as he ran away and shouted â€Å"don’t shoot† (Pearce, 2014). According to the eyewitness, â€Å"don’t shoot† were Brown’s final words (Pearce, 2014). Protesters took to the streets of Ferguson with their hands up chanting, defiantly â€Å"hands up don’t shoot† (Pearce, 2014). According to Reverend Al Sharpton, the hands up donâ€℠¢t shoot chant is meant to express the frustration the African American community experiences with the criminal justice system. (Pearce, 2014). Therefore controversy over whether or not Michael Brown was actually surrendering at the time of his fatal shooting is not as important as the underlying racial tension between the criminal justice system, especially law enforcement and the African American community in general. According to Kidane and Abbas (2014), the Michael Brown shooting death brings to the

Interpersonal Skills Needed by Business Managers

Interpersonal Skills Needed by Business Managers In modern corporations, business managers desire to develop positive and effective interaction with their employees. In order to build up successful relationship with subordinates, managers need to improve their interpersonal skills. This paper sets out to analyse three different interpersonal skills needed by business managers: understanding others, developing and maintaining rapport, listening and presenting feedback to others. And it seems that listening and presenting feedback is the most significant one. Introduction In recent years, there has been a great deal of discussion about interpersonal skills of business managers. For business managers, they always work with people who have different backgrounds, and whether they can maintain successful interaction with their employees, to a certain degree, depends on their effective interpersonal skills. In modern society, it is significant difficult for business managers who cannot relate with others to achieve succeed. (Fandt 1994) In modern corporations, positive relationships are of great importance in earning high degrees of job satisfaction. If employees have a good feeling about their jobs, they will be more likely to do their job well; in addition, they are able to accomplish their tasks in high-quality environment. The research of service-profit chain(Heskett et al. 1994; Heskett, Sasser, and Schlesinger 1997 cited in Tews Tracey 2009, p.245) which analyses how companies achieve and maintain outstanding performance mentions that internal servi ce quality, such as the way people work with each other, moves employees to feel more satisfied about their working environment. (Tews Tracey 2009) On the contrary, if a business manager lacks interpersonal skills, they will limit the performance of employees. For example, employees who are likely to be passive, lack creativity, and depend too much on others ideas and instructions results in working with the managers who lacks interpersonal skills. (Fandt 1994) Therefore, it is one of the most basic priorities for business managers to improve their ability of interpersonal skills. The interpersonal skills needed by business managers can be seen as the capacity to be a facilitator-to foster a collective effect; get along with peers, subordinates, and superiors; and manage interactions with other. (Fandt 1994) This paper will analyse the following interpersonal skills: (1) understanding others, (2) developing and maintaining rapport, (3) listening and presenting feedback to others. Moreover, it will be argued that listening and presenting feedback to others is the most significant interpersonal skill among the three skills needed by business managers. Understanding others Some social psychologists have recognised that making efforts to understand the inner world of others is an extremely common feature of human interaction. This is because interpreting how to open up a conversation with others, how to respond to what others say are built up on the level of understanding of others. (Guirdham 1996) For business managers, understanding others is also of great significance. The survey (Heller Porter 1996 cited in Guirdham 1996, p. 147) of 150 US and UK executives found that the ability to understand people was ranged as the top of a list of 16 skills of management. This is because other skills such as communication, persuading, and team work are based on a basic priority of understanding what others do and say. (Guirdham 1996) In addition, business managers need to interpret others also because people are differing from each other and the managers should not treat everybody alike. Fiedler (1964) as cited in Guirdham (1996) suggests that a leader who can distinguish among their followers is more likely to be succeed than those who cannot. Taking the captains of basketball teams as an example, Fielder (1964) as cited in Guirdham (1996) found that the leader of the losing team seemed to find the differences among his players from a macro perspective, however, the captain of winning team knew who dribbled well, who shot well, who played well under pressure, and so on. Willard E. and Robert W. (1951) also mentioned that the more you are able to recognize the differences among your men, the better you will be able to understand and help them. For instance, there was a business manager who interpreted his subordinates by making notes in index cards. He picked up some information such as the birthday, education of his employees, names of the subordinates wife and children, the employees hobbies, ages, and even interests. By doing that, the manager could remember some individual characteristics of his employees which would play a key role in talking with each other much easier and distinguishing the employees better. In a word, successful business managers tend to have the capacity to perceive differences among their employees. (Guirdham 1996) Furthermore, no business manager can function without comprehending and understanding individuals who work with him. The performances of a leader will be affected by what he knows of his followers. A manager may always study the behaviours of his subordinates in order to avoid lacking confidence or discord. (Parker Kleemeier 1951) Finally, understanding the subordinates will help the business managers match their employees properly with the right work. If a person who lacks sufficient abilities probably will fail in finishing his job. And as a result, he will be more likely to become frustrated and disappointed. On the other hand, employees who are over-qualified tend to become bored with their simple work. Thus, it is essential for the managers to understanding their employees better in order to match them with the right work. (Parker Kleemeier 1951) Developing and maintaining rapport Rapport can be seen as the quality of the relationship in describing the interactions between psychotherapists and their clients (Gfeller, Lynn, and Pribble 1987 cited in Gremler Gwinner 2000, p.83), as the quality of [a] relationship characterized by satisfactory communication and mutual understanding in investigating college roommate relationships (Carey et al. 1988 cited in Gremler Gwinner 2000, p.83) and as a quality in the relation or connection between interactants , especially relations marked by harmony, conformity , accord, and affinity (Bernieri et al. 1996 cited in Gremler Gwinner 2000, p.83). In terms of the relationship between business managers and their subordinates, rapport means the enjoyable interactions which will be established when the business managers tend to open to others with a friendly manner, display the interests in their employees, use the sense of humour to reduce tensions, demonstrate that the managers have the sensitivity of the needs and feelings of their subordinates. (Fandt 1994) For business managers, developing and keeping rapport with their employees will help them build up confidence to deal with problems in an appropriate way, encourage them to share their helpful ideas with the employees, promote the cooperation between leaders and followers, and bring themselves and their subordinates into harmony by reducing the possibility of the grievances and disruptive conflicts (Filley 1975). Grievances and disruptive conflicts (Filley 1975) seem to be the two main aspects which are result in failing in maintaining rapport in working environment. Firstly, a grievance can be described as the resentments of a person which is possible to contribute to adverse effects on subordinates attitude toward their job, their manager even the whole company. The quality of work will be suffered severely and the morale of the employees will be lowered when employees have a grievance. In addition, the relationship between managers and their employees is also likely to be tensional because of the existence of grievance. Secondly, according to Filley (1975), conflict is divided into two different kinds: competitive conflicts and disruptive conflicts, and to a certain extent, disruptive conflicts are likely to cause damage to keeping rapport. It will bring tension between business managers and their followers. Moreover, it seems to create negative feelings between leaders and subordinates which will contribute to a complaining atmosphere in work. (Quinn, Faerman, Thompson and McGrath 1996) According to the above-mentioned, it is clear that for business managers, developing and keeping rapport is of huge significance in order to create enjoyable interactions between leaders and their subordinates and avoid grievances and disruptive conflicts(Filley 1975). Listening and presenting feedback to others The meaning of listening is not the same as hearing. Listening is an intellectual and emotional process in which you use all resources at hand to understand the meaning of a message. (Fandt 1994) Thus, to a certain extent, listening is a reflective activity. An effective listener should not only hear something form others, but also include keeping appropriate eye contact, observing the hidden stories, exploring the words that have been spoken, and understanding the body language of the speaker. (Fandt 1994) For business managers, in order to be a good listener, they should attempt to use empathy (Quinn, Faerman, Thompson and McGrath 1996) which means feeling others inner world and experiencing others thoughts instead of directly controlling others thoughts. For example, when the statement of a subordinate is not accurate, the manager should not interrupt him and keep listen to him to the end. And after that, the manager can ask some open-ended questions like How did you feel when that happened. This kind of listening behaviour may help managers understand the inner thoughts and feelings of the subordinate. In addition, it will also be beneficial to save time because of the less of interruption and repetition. However, if a manager experiences a subordinates inner world excessively, the subordinate may feel uncomfortable, and as a result, the manager cannot understand the speaker deeply. (Quinn, Faerman, Thompson and McGrath 1996) It is also of great importance that while listening to the subordinates, the business managers should present some feedback to them. Fandt (1994) mentions that appropriate feedback given by managers will help the subordinates promote, correct, and obtain a greater achievement. For instance, some business managers present feedback as I think you handled the customer complaints very professionally and I appreciate your error-free report (Fandt 1994). This kind of feedback shows subordinates that the managers understand what they are doing, recognize and appreciate their performances, as a result, the subordinates tend to continue to perform well. (Fandt 1994) In most cases, business managers attempt to give critical feedback to their employees. In another word, managers not only present some negative feedback but also give some negative feedback. However, according to Fandt (1994), it is more considerable to give positive feedback than negative feedback. That is because most employees feel difficult to hear and accept negative feedback. For example, punishment, blame, and wrongly criticism seem to be the most common kinds of negative feedback which will decrease the inspiration of employees because of the feeling of tension. Furthermore, punishment, blame, and wrongly criticism also tend to reduce the capacity of doing jobs of employees because they are likely to be defeated by them. On the other hand, giving some positive feedback such as praise can inspire employees to a greater achievement. Parker and Kleemeier (1951) states all men will work hard to gain admiration and praise from others. It is for the reason that praise is one of the strongest motivating forces at the supervisors command. If an employee gets positive feedback such as praise from the manager, he will desire to accomplish his work better and show great cooperation. (Parker and Kleemeier 1951) Moreover, although some employees may make some mistakes during their work, the manager also should point out what they have done is right, and as a result, employees will be more likely to have more confidence to correct their performances. Discussion Comparing to the three interpersonal skills needed by business managers, listening and presenting feedback seems to be the most significant one. That is because understanding others and keeping rapport in working atmosphere are based on listening and giving feedback to others. Firstly, managers tend to show their understanding of the subordinates through listening and presenting some feedback. As Parker and Kleemeier (1951) point out nearly all supervisors who really understand their men eventually learn to be good listeners. Successful managers attempt to study the attitudes of their employees, to observe what the employees really are thinking about through listening to them. After listening to them, managers can present some feedback to show the employees that the managers can understand what they are thinking about and what they really want. Secondly, listening and showing feedback to others will also help business managers to select the right man to do appropriate work. If a manager desire to select employees the most common way to do that is interviewing. During the interviewing, the managers may always ask some open-ended questions and then they keep the interviewees talking about it. The only job of the interviewers is listening and giving feedback at the end of the interview. This kind of activity will be more likely to help managers make the accurate choice and understand the interviewees better. Finally, the possibility of grievances and disruptive conflicts (Filley 1975) seems to be reduced by listening and presenting feedback. For instance, some employees may complain that they are treated unfairly. For an experienced manager, the best way to deal with this kind of problem is to listen to their complaints to find some hidden problems of the employees even the company. In addition, they present some feedback to show that they have understood the problem and will take actions to cope with it. As a result, the managers can develop and maintain rapport in the working environment. (Parker Kleemeier 1951) Conclusion In conclusion, a perfect business manager should maintain successful interaction with their employees. Furthermore, to become a successful manager, people should be skilled in outstanding interpersonal behaviours which will not only develop the level of self-awareness but also promote the level of prestige. This essay has analysed three different interpersonal skills needed by business managers including understanding others, developing and maintaining rapport, and listening and presenting feedback to others. For business managers, firstly, understanding their employees can promote the capacity of distinguish people from different backgrounds, help them interpret what their employees feelings and match their employees appropriately with the right job. Secondly, it is also beneficial to develop and keep rapport. Most of people would like to work in a positive place where there are less grievances and disruptive conflicts (Filley 1975). If a manager can keep rapport in a company, he will be more likely to build up cooperation relationship with his subordinates and become more successful. Finally, listening and presenting feedback to employees can make the employees feel that their managers concern about them, and understand them. So that managers may earn the respect of their employees which will develop the efficiency of their work. In addition, listening and presenting feedback might be the most significant ability among the three interpersonal skills needed by business managers. Because it seems as the foundation of other interpersonal skills and business managers should concentrate on develop the capacity of listening and presenting feedback to their subordinates firstly.

Mythology in the World :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How did the world begin? Have you ever wondered this most likely yes. Everyone has been asking this question for millions of years. The explanation of this is called Mythology. By looking at What Mythology is, the categories of Mythology, the regions of major myths, some of the key players of myths, and finally the similarities of the cultures. With that I will start my paper and by the end of it you will have a more in depth knowledge of Mythology.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mythology meaning the study of Myths. Myth comes form the Greek word Mythos meaning speech or discourse later meaning fable. Myth is defined as a story of forgotten origin, it is religious or supernatural. It seeks to explain the creation of the universe, everyday phenomena and everything in it. The different regions of the world all have a different story and set of characters they use to explain this. Now that you know what exactly what mythology is we will look at the different categories of mythology.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The different categories of mythology are explanatory myths and adventure myths. Explanatory myth will break down into smaller sub divisions called Cosmogony, nature myths, and eschatological myths. Explanatory myths these are myths that nature or certain events and customs of different cultures. Cosmogony is a big word for creation myths. Creation myths explain the origin of the universe. They use primal gods and animals to tell the story. There are different types of creation myths as well. The first is the single stage creation where a god existed ex nihilo. Which means a god existed in a vast space and created the universe out of nothing. The other is multi stage creation. In this the universe is created by one god. His children then continue to create the rest of the world. Nature myths have to do with animals and everyday phenomena like the rising and setting of the sun. The last explanatory myth is eschatological. This tells how death and other bad things c ame into the world and how the world is going to end. The next category of mythology is adventure myths. These are myths that involve humans. These are stories of major events in history that parts have been embellished or forgotten and made up. Now that you know the different categories of mythology we will look at the different regions where the stories came from.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The different regions of mythology are Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania.

About and for the death penalty Essay

The idea of your life for a life; the vast majority of our population is in favor of the death penalty. For thousands of years it has been used as a punishment for crimes. Through government for crimes against the State to churches for crimes against their religions, â€Å"Impositions of the death penalty is extraordinarily rare. Since 1967 there has been one execution for every 1600 murders or 0.06%. There have been approximately 560,000 murders and 358 executions from 1967-1996.† (UCR) As we continue the war on crime, two factors stand out: Ending all crime is impossible but controlling it is a must. Regardless of the voices of the Anti-Death Penalty Movement, the only control is deterrence, the only deterrence is control. With all the statistics on deterrence, economic ramifications and secure limitation on allowed appeals. The death penalty should remain the United States primary weapon against capital crime. Is the death penalty a successful deterrent and does it save the lives of innocent citizens? A question raised and argued for years in the past and still in the spotlight. For justice to be deterring, the severity of the punishment must outweigh the crime. With life in prison without the possibility of parole an inmate has no care if he kills again. This is very evident considering, â€Å"at the roughly 52,000 state prison inmates serving time for murder in 1984, an estimated 810 had previously been convicted of murder and had killed 821 persons and following their previous murder convictions. Executing each of these inmates would have saved 821 lives.† (41, 1 Stanford Law Review, 11/88, Pd 153) We can then look at the number of convicted murderers that are either released too soon due to cases being overturned based on past conviction. New laws brought on by judicial decisions in other cases or even escape. It’s not the executions that reduce murder rates but the reduction of the number of murders. See more: Unemployment – problems and solutions essay Many other factors are argued about the death penalty including but not limited to the cost of life without parole â€Å"LOWP† vs. the death penalty. Opponents present, as facts, that the death penalty is so expensive (at least $2 million per case), that we must choose life without parole at a  cost of $1 million for 50 years. Without a doubt the up front costs of the death penalty are higher than for an equivalent LWOP cases. There is also no question that over time â€Å"LWOP† cases become much more expensive. JFA states that in these estimates â€Å"It should be noted that we were intentionally generous in minimizing life costs within our analysis†¦JFA. As you have seen here more controversy on why opponents feel the death penalty should be abolished but when totaled up and a limitation being established for how long an inmate can stall his execution then that cost would be lower. Here it is shown that the death penalty is also an economically balanced way to deal with those who commit capitol crimes (JFA). In our United States Constitution an individual whose trial resulted in a guilty verdict has the right to appeal his case. Our system at this time has no limits on the amount of appeals an individual is entitled to, and this is why the average death row inmate sits with hopes of an overturned appeal to change their sentence to life imprisonment instead of death. What kind of deterrence is the sentence of death when a convicted felon has so many opportunities to delay or lessen the punishment for the crime they committed? In 1996 President Clinton signed the Effective Death Penalty and Anti-terrorist Bill. â€Å"It is designed to limit the appeal time frame after a death sentence verdict†Ã‚  (DeRienzo). The Opponents bring up Amendment rights in the Constitution and thus this is still under debate but what about the rights of the victim? Where is the justice giving a convicted murderer the rights they took away from another. In the years since the Supreme Court re-instituted th e death penalty through 1994, there have been approximately 467,000 homicides in the United States. Based on that number, 2.8 people will die every hour at the  hands of another person. (JFA) Death row inmates are often on death row for years, some upwards of twenty years. This is paid for with the taxpayers’ money. While in prison, inmates have many privileges, including cable television, the chance to pursue a college degree, and free health care, all at our expense. It is appalling to think these people have a life of leisure while in prison. There are even some death penalty opponents who believe that these convicts serving â€Å"LWOP† aren’t treated fair and deserve better living conditions and more rights. Lost in this passionate pursuit of human rights are the rights of the dead victim and those of that victim’s family. The appeal process is lengthy and time-consuming. The death penalty informs society that by committing capital crimes, your rights do change and you will suffer the same fate. Through out time many aspects of the death penalty have proven that it can be a deterrent for would-be murderers where by it does save lives. Not possible for all but some families get a sense of closure from the grief and anger brought forth by the loss of a loved one. â€Å"Those who commit vicious crimes destroy the basis on which a moral community rests and forfeit their rights to citizenship and even life itself† (Cauthen) Simply put locking a murderer up for life doesn’t do the trick. The laws change, people forget and parole boards’ change too, this seams to deteriorate with a life in prison sentence. As long as a murderer lives no matter how small a chance, he will probably strike again. Expediting the execution process gives the family of the victim’s closure. To have the process drawn out for years only keeps the pain fresh and life for them is on  hold until justice is served. Furthermore it is an insult to them to put the rights of a  murderer over the rights of the victim. The convict demonstrated a lack of regard for human life by taking the life of another. The basic premise of human intelligence is the  ability to reason and make decisions. This person made a conscious decision to take a life. Regret and remorse will not change the outcome of those actions. This person does not deserve the life comfort found in today’s prisons. As you have read here today’s judicial system seems to forget about the victims in these heinous crimes to humanity by criminals and almost reward them by supporting them for the rest of their lives. Justice is in the eyes of those that are law abiding not those that break the law. This is why I feel that the death penalty is the best deterrent, it is pro-economic and with limits on appeals, Innocent people will live and capitol crime will have capital punishment.

Macroeconomics Notions

Macroeconomics Notions Supply and Demand Supply and demand are the economic model of determining prices in a competitive market, wherein supply refers to the quantity of commodities available in the market and demand refers to the quantity demanded by consumers. The law of demand states that the higher the costof the good or service, the less people will demand it, while the law of supply states that the higher the price of a commodity, the higher the quantity required (Supply and demand, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Macroeconomics Notions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Macroeconomic Equilibrium Macroeconomic equilibrium is a condition of a nation’s economy wherein aggregate demand is met by aggregate supply (Macroeconomic equilibrium, 2012). The total demand of a final good or service in the economy is called its aggregate demand, while the total supply of a final goods and services the economy plans to sell is called t he aggregate supply. Significant changes on demand or supply will affect prices, employment, and resources of a nation. How Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Determine Equilibrium Price and Output In The Short- and Long-Run Macroeconomic equilibrium is computed by relating national price level with national output. The market is in equilibrium when price and output are equal. Changes in the price or output of a commodity prompts shifts in its aggregate demand and/or aggregate supply. In general, expansionary policies shift aggregate demand to the right while contracting policies shift it to the left. Looking at the diagram below, when aggregate demand shifts to the right, equilibrium will occur at a higher price level and a higher output in the short-run and at a higher level in the long-run. When aggregate demand shifts to the left, the opposite, will occur. Figure 1. Macroeconomic Equilibrium Shifts in the aggregate supply are usually prompted by shifts in aggregate demand. W hen aggregate supply shifts to the right, aggregate demand dictates that equilibrium will occur at a lower price level and a higher output in the short-run.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When short-run aggregate supply shifts to the right, aggregate demand dictates that equilibrium will occur at a higher price level and a lower output in the short-run. In the long-run, when aggregate supply shifts to the right, a lower price level and higher output is required for equilibrium. When it shifts to the left, a higher price level and lower output is required. Gross Domestic Product, Unemployment, Inflation Three ways to measure a country’s economy is through its GDP, unemployment rate, and inflation rate. GDP or Gross Domestic Product is the measure of total value of commodities by a country for a specific period (Gross Domestic Product, 2012). Unemployment is the state of a person who is looking for employment but is unable to find or does not have one (Unemployment, 2012). Inflation is the rate of increase of the general level of prices of commodities in a country. As inflation occurs and prices go up, purchasing power of people fall (Inflation, 2012). Business Cycles and Economic Growth Business cycles are series of patterns affected by employment, industrial productivity, and interest rates that show the expansion and contraction of economic activities. There are five stages on a business cycle, namely, growth, peak, recession, trough, and recovery (Business Cycle, 2012). Economic growth is the measure of an economy’s increase of commodity and capacity to accommodate its population within a period of time (Economic Growth, 2012).Productivity, inflation, population growth and introduction of new commodities in the economy are factors of economic growth. Multiplier Concept Multipliersare factors that quantify the changes of capit al investment to total income of an economy. They are used to measure the effects of government spending on income. Multipliers are calculated by dividing the marginal propensity to save to one (Multipliers, 2012). John M. Keynes was made the second father of economics after Adam Smith because of his contribution on multipliers. The limitations of the multiplier concept include its restriction to economies (It is only for closed economies.), its lack of social factors, and its low adaptability to change.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Macroeconomics Notions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy is a government policy that deals with the spending activities of the government that influences macroeconomic conditions. These policies are concerned and implemented in taxation, interest rates, transfer payments, and borrowing (Fiscal policy, 2012). Two tools of fiscal policy are the Automatic Stabi lizers, attributes of fiscal policy that smooth instability in consumption over the business cycle, and the Discretionary Fiscal Policy, the conscious manipulation of implementation of taxation, purchases, transfers, and borrowings. An example of this is the Federal Income Tax (Kelly, n.d.). Macroeconomics in Contemporary Economic Issues As previously mentioned, business cycles have five stages, namely, its growth, peak, recession, trough, and recovery. In recent years, however, the flow of the stages in the cycle is unsteady, not following the regular cycle. This is because of the impact of improbable events not forecasted (or were not heard of) by economist. One significant event in recent time is the sharp decline in housing prices, resulting in a recession in the economy. This event in economy happened in 2007. Before the year, housing prices grew rapidly and collapsed by nearly 20 percent over the next two years, due to low interest rates in the 2000s, and lowering lending stan dards. Another macroeconomic event in recent times is the rise of prices of oil and other basic commodities, such as natural gas, steel, corn, wheat, rice, and coal. Oil consumption in the United States lessened in the first half of 2008 (Jones, 2008). This was offset, however, by the oil consumption of China, India, and the Middle East, which resulted in an outward shift in demand. This occurrence created a chain of price increases on basic commodities. Reference List Business cycle.(2012). Investor words. Retrieved from investorwords.com/625/business_cycle.html. Economic growth.(2012). Investopedia. Retrieved from investopedia.com/terms/e/economicgrowth.asp#axzz1lE9rwRPm.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fiscal policy.(2012). Investopedia. Retrieved from http://business.baylor.edu/tom_kelly/2307ch12.htm. Gross domestic product.(2012). Merriam-webster online. Retrieved from merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gross+domestic+product. Inflation.(2012). Investopedia. Retrieved from investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp#axzz1lE9rwRPm. Jones, C. I. (2008). Current macroeconomic events. W. w. Norton. Retrieved from wwnorton.com/college/econ/chad- update/CurrentEvents2008.pdf. Kelly, T. (n.d.).Chapter 12 fiscal policy. Baylor business. Retrieved from http://business.baylor.edu/tom_kelly/2307ch12.htm. Macroeconomic equilibrium.(2012). Business dictionary. Retrieved from businessdictionary.com/definition/macroeconomic-equilibrium.html. Multipliers.(2012). Investopedia. Retrieved from investopedia.com/terms/m/multiplier.asp#axzz1lE9rwRPm. Supply and demand.(2012). Encyclopà ¦diabritannica. Retrieved from britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574643/supply-and-demand. Unemployment.(2012). Investopedia. R etrieved from investopedia.com/terms/u/unemployment.asp#axzz1lE9rwRPm.

How to Do Logging in C# With Log4net

How to Do Logging in C# With Log4net When you write computer code in C#, its a good idea to include logging code. That way, when something goes wrong, you know where to start looking. The Java world has been doing this for years. You can use log4net for this purpose. It is part of  Apache log4j  2, a popular open-source logging framework. This isnt the only .NET logging framework; there are many. However, the Apache name is trusted and the original Java logging framework has been around for more than  15 years. Why Use a Log4net Logging Framework? When an application or server crashes, you are left wondering why. Was it a hardware failure, malware, maybe a Denial of Service attack, or some odd combination of keys that manages to bypass all your code checks? You just dont know. You need to find out why a crash occurred so it can be corrected. With logging enabled, you might be able to see  why it happened. Getting Started Download the log4net  file from the Apache log4net website. Verify the integrity of the downloaded files using the PGP signature or MD5 checksums. The checksums are not as strong indicators as the PGP signature. Using Log4net Log4net supports seven levels of logging from none to all in increasing priority. These are: OFFFATALERRORWARNINFODEBUGALL The higher levels include all the lower ones. When debugging, using DEBUG  shows all, but on production, you might only be interested in FATAL. This choice can be made at the component level programmatically or in an XML Config file. Loggers and Appenders For  flexibility, log4net uses loggers, appenders, and layouts. A logger is an object that controls logging and is an implementation of the ILog interface, which specifies five boolean methods: isDebugEnabled, IsInfoEnabled, IsWarnEnabled, IsErrorEnabled and IsFatalEnabled. It also specifies the five methods- Debug, Info, Warn, Error andFatal- along with overloads and five formatted string versions. You can see the full ILog interface in the log4net online manual. Loggers are assigned one of the levels but not ALL or OFF, only the other five. Appenders control where the logging goes. It can be into a database, to an in-memory buffer, to the console, to a remote host, to a text file with rolling logs, the Windows Event Log, or even to email via SMTP. There are 22  appenders in all, and they can be combined so you have plenty of choices. Appenders are appended (hence the name) to a logger. Appenders  filter events by matching substrings, event level, range of levels and start of the logger name. Layouts Finally, there are seven layouts that can be associated with an Appender. These control how the events message is logged and can include exception text, timestamp layouts, and XML elements. Configuring With XML Although configuring can be done programmatically, it can also be done with XML Config files. Why would you prefer config files over code changes? Simple, its far easier to have a support guy make a change to a config file than have to get a programmer to change code, test and redeploy a new version. So config files are the way to go. The simplest possible path is to add  App.config your project, as shown in  the example below: ?xml version1.0 encodingutf-8 ?configuration  Ã‚  configSections  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  section namelog4net typelog4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,Log4net/  Ã‚  /configSections  Ã‚  log4net  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  root  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  level valueDEBUG/  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appender-ref refLogFileAppender /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /root  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appender nameLogFileAppender typelog4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  file value log.txt/  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appendToFile valuetrue /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  rollingStyle valueSize /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  maxSizeRollBackups value5 /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  maximumFileSize value10MB /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  staticLogFileName valuetrue /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  layout typelog4net.Layout.PatternLayout  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  conversionPattern value%d [%t] %-5p %c %m%n /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /layout  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /appender  Ã‚  /log4net/configuration The log4net online documentation explains all the config file fields.   Having set up App.config, add using log4net and this line: [assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch true)] Plus the actual logger has to be fetched with a call to LogManager.GetLogger(...). The GetLogger is usually called with the typeof(class) that its used in, but this function call also fetches that: System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType This example shows both in with one commented, so you can choose.   using log4net;[assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch true)]namespace gvmake{  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  class Program  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  {  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  private static readonly ILog log LogManager.GetLogger (System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  //private static readonly ILog log LogManager.GetLogger(typeof (Program)) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  static void Main(string[] args)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  {  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  log.Debug(Application Starting) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  }  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  }}

National Gallery of Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National Gallery of Art - Research Paper Example Also, I like his idea about the â€Å"15 minutes of fame†. His exhibit is located at the East Upper Level of the National Gallery of Art in DC that will run from September 25, 2011 to January 2, 2012 (National Gallery of Museum and Art, 2011). Andy Warhol’s Headlines: To Whom Does the News Belong features a timely articulation of the artistic perspective of the news industry in America. The news, which is typically a dry reporting of events and people take a new life of its own when Andy Warhol interprets it. In his interpretation about news, Warhol provides the uncanny definition that if somebody is in the news, then the news company should be paying the subject because they are selling the news of a person. The news company will however say that they should not because they are helping the subject of the news. News should be broadcasted and should be owned by everybody because if news does not have any news, then news is not a news. This is an uncanny play of words by Andy Warhol about the news I believe is the gist of the exhibit. In the exhibit, I took special notice about the Andy Warhol’s gift to Sean Penn when she married him in 1985. I am a big Madonna fan so I took a particular notice about the silkscreen gift of Andy Warhol to Madonna where it depicted Madonna’s reaction to show business magazines when they ran an unauthorized nude picture of her. The present had a fictional New York Post headline that reads â€Å"Madonna: I’m Not Ashamed† with hundreds of Keith Haring signature action figures. What used to be a scandalous news suddenly became a piece of art when Andy Warhol touched it. This is a typical example of Andy Warhol’s artistic ingenuity that transcends to everyday mundane subject such as news. What seems to be ordinary became an object of art when it is presented at a different perspective and overlaid with artistic impressions. This makes a typical uninterested party like me to

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 13

Sociology - Essay Example Culture defines the development of relationships between suppliers and customers as well the development of a marketing plan and objectives. The definition of organizational culture is diverse but the focus of the whole organization. Organization culture is defined as â€Å"the values and behaviors that influence the unique social and psychological environment of the organization†. Most organizations operate in a known and established pattern that is known to the long serving workers. Chanel 5 is product from Parisian couturier Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel. It is a French company with global reputation. The company has managed to develop its organization structure and culture over the years of operation leading to creation of organization culture and tradition. The company will be described simply as Chanel as it is widely known. The organization structure of the company has evolved changing its culture and traditions. The success in the development of a unique social and psychological environment is tied to the guiding principles developed by the management. Organizational culture depends on both the past, current ass umptions, philosophy, experience and values. The culture is expressed in its inner image, inner workings, interaction with the outside environment, and future expectation. The basics of the culture are dependent on the beliefs customs attitudes, express and implied contracts, written and unwritten rules that the organization develops over time. It is the way the organization conducts business, treats employees, clients and the community. For Chanel, the culture and focus of the company was determined by traditional market which targeted the women in the society. Fragrance worn by women had two basic categories which have been entrenched into the company culture namely respectable women and sexually provocative fragrance for prostitute. This culture of production via values has been entrenched into